测试 Sagas
有两个主要的测试 Sagas 的方式:一步一步测试 saga generator function,或者执行整个 saga 并断言 side effects。
测试 Saga Generator Function
假设我们有以下的 action:
const CHOOSE_COLOR = 'CHOOSE_COLOR';
const CHANGE_UI = 'CHANGE_UI';
const chooseColor = (color) => ({
type: CHOOSE_COLOR,
payload: {
color,
},
});
const changeUI = (color) => ({
type: CHANGE_UI,
payload: {
color,
},
});
我们想要测试 saga:
function* changeColorSaga() {
const action = yield take(CHOOSE_COLOR);
yield put(changeUI(action.payload.color));
}
由于 Sagas 总是会 yield 一个 Effect,并且这些 effects 有简单的 factory function(例如 put, take 等等),测试将检查被 yield 的 effect,并拿它和期望返回的 effect 进行比对。
调用 next().value
来获取 saga 的第一个被 yield 的值:
const gen = changeColorSaga();
assert.deepEqual(
gen.next().value,
take(CHOOSE_COLOR),
'it should wait for a user to choose a color'
);
应该返回一个值,赋给 action
常量,它将被用于 put
effect 的参数:
const color = 'red';
assert.deepEqual(
gen.next(chooseColor(color)).value,
put(changeUI(color)),
'it should dispatch an action to change the ui'
);
由于没有更多其他的 yield
,下一次调用 next()
时,generator 将会完成:
assert.deepEqual(
gen.next().done,
true,
'it should be done'
);
Branching Saga
有时候你的 saga 可能会有不同的结果。为了测试不同的 branch 而不重复所有流程,你可以使用 cloneableGenerator utility function
这时候我们新增两个 action,CHOOSE_NUMBER
和 DO_STUFF
,使用一个 action creator 来创建:
const CHOOSE_NUMBER = 'CHOOSE_NUMBER';
const DO_STUFF = 'DO_STUFF';
const chooseNumber = (number) => ({
type: CHOOSE_NUMBER,
payload: {
number,
},
});
const doStuff = () => ({
type: DO_STUFF,
});
现在,在 CHOOSE_NUMBER
action 之前,测试中的 saga 将会 put 两个 DO_STUFF
action,然后根据数字是奇数还是偶数 put changeUI('red')
或 changeUI('blue')
,
function* doStuffThenChangeColor() {
yield put(doStuff());
yield put(doStuff());
const action = yield take(CHOOSE_NUMBER);
if (action.payload.number % 2 === 0) {
yield put(changeUI('red'));
} else {
yield put(changeUI('blue'));
}
}
测试如下:
import { put, take } from 'redux-saga/effects';
import { cloneableGenerator } from 'redux-saga/utils';
test('doStuffThenChangeColor', assert => {
const gen = cloneableGenerator(doStuffThenChangeColor)();
gen.next(); // DO_STUFF
gen.next(); // DO_STUFF
gen.next(); // CHOOSE_NUMBER
assert.test('user choose an even number', a => {
// cloning the generator before sending data
const clone = gen.clone();
a.deepEqual(
clone.next(chooseNumber(2)).value,
put(changeUI('red')),
'should change the color to red'
);
a.equal(
clone.next().done,
true,
'it should be done'
);
a.end();
});
assert.test('user choose an odd number', a => {
const clone = gen.clone();
a.deepEqual(
clone.next(chooseNumber(3)).value,
put(changeUI('blue')),
'should change the color to blue'
);
a.equal(
clone.next().done,
true,
'it should be done'
);
a.end();
});
});
参与 Task cancellation 来测试 fork effects
测试完整的 Saga
虽然测试 saga 的每一步可能是有用的,实际上这使得 brittle tests 成为可能。不过,运行整个 saga 并断言预期的 effects 已经产生可能会更好。
假设我们有一个简单的 saga,它将调用一个 HTTP API:
function* callApi(url) {
const someValue = yield select(somethingFromState);
try {
const result = yield call(myApi, url, someValue);
yield put(success(result.json()));
return result.status;
} catch (e) {
yield put(error(e));
return -1;
}
}
我们可以使用 mock 的数据来运行这个 saga:
const dispatched = [];
const saga = runSaga({
dispatch: (action) => dispatched.push(action),
getState: () => ({ value: 'test' }),
}, callApi, 'http://url');
然后可以写一个测试来断言被 dispatch 的 action 和模拟的调用:
import sinon from 'sinon';
import * as api from './api';
test('callApi', async (assert) => {
const dispatched = [];
sinon.stub(api, 'myApi').callsFake(() => ({
json: () => ({
some: 'value'
})
}));
const url = 'http://url';
const result = await runSaga({
dispatch: (action) => dispatched.push(action),
getState: () => ({ state: 'test' }),
}, callApi, url).done;
assert.true(myApi.calledWith(url, somethingFromState({ state: 'test' })));
assert.deepEqual(dispatched, [success({ some: 'value' })]);
});
也可以查看仓库示例:
https://github.com/redux-saga/redux-saga/blob/master/examples/counter/test/sagas.js
https://github.com/redux-saga/redux-saga/blob/master/examples/shopping-cart/test/sagas.js