实体属性值模式(EAV 模式)
实体属性值(Entity--attribute--value EAV)模式,可以方便 PHP 实现 EAV 模型。
4.4.1. 目的
实体属性值模型(Entity-attribute-value EAV)是一种用数据模型描述实体的属性(属性,参数),可以用来形容他们潜在巨大,但实际上将适用于给定的实体的数量是相对较少。 在数学中,这种模式被称为一个稀疏矩阵 。 EAV也被称为对象的属性值的模式,垂直的数据库模型和开放式架构。
4.4.2. UML 图
4.4.3. 代码
您可以在 GitHub 查看这段代码。
Entity.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\More\EAV;
class Entity
{
/**
* @var \SplObjectStorage
*/
private $values;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
/**
* @param string $name
* @param Value[] $values
*/
public function __construct(string $name, $values)
{
$this->values = new \SplObjectStorage();
$this->name = $name;
foreach ($values as $value) {
$this->values->attach($value);
}
}
public function __toString(): string
{
$text = [$this->name];
foreach ($this->values as $value) {
$text[] = (string) $value;
}
return join(', ', $text);
}
}
Attribute.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\More\EAV;
class Attribute
{
/**
* @var \SplObjectStorage
*/
private $values;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
public function __construct(string $name)
{
$this->values = new \SplObjectStorage();
$this->name = $name;
}
public function addValue(Value $value)
{
$this->values->attach($value);
}
/**
* @return \SplObjectStorage
*/
public function getValues(): \SplObjectStorage
{
return $this->values;
}
public function __toString(): string
{
return $this->name;
}
}
Value.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\More\EAV;
class Value
{
/**
* @var Attribute
*/
private $attribute;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
public function __construct(Attribute $attribute, string $name)
{
$this->name = $name;
$this->attribute = $attribute;
$attribute->addValue($this);
}
public function __toString(): string
{
return sprintf('%s: %s', $this->attribute, $this->name);
}
}
4.4.4. 测试
Tests/EAVTest.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\More\EAV\Tests;
use DesignPatterns\More\EAV\Attribute;
use DesignPatterns\More\EAV\Entity;
use DesignPatterns\More\EAV\Value;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class EAVTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanAddAttributeToEntity()
{
$colorAttribute = new Attribute('color');
$colorSilver = new Value($colorAttribute, 'silver');
$colorBlack = new Value($colorAttribute, 'black');
$memoryAttribute = new Attribute('memory');
$memory8Gb = new Value($memoryAttribute, '8GB');
$entity = new Entity('MacBook Pro', [$colorSilver, $colorBlack, $memory8Gb]);
$this->assertEquals('MacBook Pro, color: silver, color: black, memory: 8GB', (string) $entity);
}
}
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